Biotic and Abiotic Components of Environment – Upper Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, and Biosphere
The environment is the entire living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) conditions that affect life on the earth. In this regard, biotic and abiotic elements are spread throughout the major spheres of the planet: atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land) and the integrated biosphere (global life zone). These Earth systems are richly interacting – such as […]


