What is the Indus Valley Civilisation?
An ancient civilisation (3300–1300 BCE) in South Asia, thriving in the regions of modern-day Pakistan and India.
Major Citie
Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira were well-planned cities with advanced infrastructure.
Urban Planning
Grid-like city layouts, drainage systems, and brick houses showed remarkable engineering skills.
Trade and Economy
A thriving economy based on agriculture, crafts, and trade with Mesopotamia and other regions.
Writing System
A script of undeciphered symbols found on seals and pottery, hinting at a complex language system.
Arts and Craft
Beautiful beads, pottery, and sculptures like the Dancing Girl statue reflect artistic brilliance.
Agriculture Practice
Indus Valley people cultivated wheat, barley, and cotton – pioneers in farming techniques.
Religion and Belief
Practices suggest early forms of worship, possibly focused on nature and fertility symbols.
Technological Advancement
Innovations in metallurgy, weights and measures, and urban design highlight their ingenuity.
Decline of the Civilisation
Possible reasons include climate change, shifting rivers, or invasions leading to gradual decline.